PPL exam theory

20170913 Alyce

• Session 1
  • BAK Knowledge Review
  • Aeroplane AGK Aerodynamics
  • Air Law
• Session 2
  • PPL Navigation
  • GNSS
  • Human Factors
• Session 3
  • Meteorology
  • Performance
  • Summary & Revision

Ammeter

• Load type alternator output only (never goes below zero)
• Centre zero type Indicates total charge, including battery & alternator

20171004 Session 3

layers of the atmosphere

• troposphere
• tropopause
  • starts at 36080ft (ISA)
  • -56C (ISA)
  • ~8km at poles
  • ~18km at equator
• stratosphere
  • 66000ft

precipitation

• shower
• rain
• virga

cloud types (todo: get pic on phone)

• cloud base (x1000ft) = (temp - dewpoint)/2.5C

• convective ascent

• orographic ascent

• widespread ascent

• turbulent mixing

• conductive cooling

• clouds, factors & considerations (todo: get pic on phone)

• wind shear

forecasts

• TAF
  • 12 hour validity
  • 3nm from aerodrome
• ARFOR
  • CB or TCU clouds
  • cloud base < 10000ft AMSL
  • cloud associated with precipitation
• METAR

Atmospheric Stability

• Adiabatic Process

  • Dry Lapse Rate 3C/1000ft (ISA)
  • Saturated Lapse Rate 1.5C/1000ft (ISA)

• Environmental Lapse Rate

  • actual change not theoretical or ISA
  • inversion layers affect ELR

• (todo: get pic on phone)

• Fog

  • Mist: visibility >= 1000 metres, < 95% humidity
  • Fog: visibility < 1000 metres, ~ 100% humidity
  • Radiation Fog
    • moist air cools below dew point by contact with cold surface that is losing its heat by radiation
    • high humidity
    • cloudless
    • light winds
    • anticyclones
  • Advection Fog
    • warm moist air moves over cooler surface. Requires some turbulence (6-15kt)
  • Sea Fog
    • type of advection fog
    • persistent
  • Steam Fog
    • evaporates from water into overlying cool air
  • Frontal Fog
    • boundary of two air masses within a single air mass
  • Upslope Fog
    • moist air forced up a terrain slop and cools to saturation

Maximum endurance and range

• endurance: time

• range: distance

• Maximum endurance

  • ~75% of maximum range
  • Equal to Vy

• Maximum range

  • TAS for minimum total drag
  • Best ratio of speed to fuel
  • Ground range
  • Air range

• Maximum (specific air) range

  • ~ 20% < cruise speed

• CAO 20.7.0

• CAO 20.7.4

• Declared Density Height